Imagine a world where growing older doesn’t mean isolation, where wisdom is celebrated, and where community thrives across generations. This isn’t a utopian dream, but a reality taking shape in innovative senior cohousing communities around the globe. As our population ages, we face a critical juncture: How can we ensure that our elders live with dignity, purpose, and connection?
Enter the world of global senior cohousing models—a revolutionary approach that’s challenging our perceptions of aging and community living. These vibrant communities are not just reimagining housing; they’re redefining what it means to age well. From Denmark’s multigenerational havens to Japan’s integrated care systems, these models offer a tantalizing glimpse into a future where aging is not a burden, but an opportunity for growth and shared experiences.
But can these innovative approaches truly transform the landscape of senior living on a global scale? As we dive into the power of cohousing, we’ll explore how these communities are combating isolation, fostering sustainability, and creating a new paradigm for aging in place. Join us on this journey to discover if global cohousing models hold the key to redefining aging in community.
Overview
- Global senior cohousing models offer innovative solutions to combat isolation and promote active aging.
- Cohousing communities provide economic benefits through shared resources and economies of scale.
- These models strike a balance between individual autonomy and community support, adapting to diverse cultural contexts.
- Age-friendly design principles in cohousing create accessible and adaptable living spaces for seniors.
- Collaborative care approaches in cohousing communities reimagine support systems for aging populations.
- Senior cohousing promotes sustainable living practices, benefiting both residents and the environment.
In an era where the global population is rapidly aging, the question of how to provide meaningful, sustainable, and fulfilling living arrangements for seniors has become increasingly pressing. Traditional models of senior care and housing often fall short in addressing the complex needs of older adults, leading to issues of isolation, financial strain, and diminished quality of life. Enter the concept of global cohousing models – an innovative approach that’s gaining traction worldwide and challenging our preconceptions about aging in community.
The way we house our elderly is not just a matter of architecture or urban planning; its a reflection of our societal values and a predictor of our collective future.
Dr. Anne P. Glass, Gerontology Researcher.
Cohousing, at its core, is about creating intentional communities where residents actively participate in the design and operation of their neighborhood. When applied to senior living, this model offers a tantalizing promise: the ability to age in place while maintaining autonomy, fostering social connections, and sharing resources. But can these global cohousing models truly redefine aging in community? Let’s look into this question, exploring the potential and challenges of this innovative approach to senior living.
Combating Isolation: The Power of Global Senior Cohousing Models
The specter of loneliness looms large in discussions about aging, with isolation often cited as a major health risk for older adults. Global senior cohousing models are emerging as a powerful antidote to this pervasive issue, offering a blueprint for connected and engaged later life.
At its heart, senior cohousing is about creating intentional communities where older adults can thrive. These communities are designed to foster interaction, mutual support, and a sense of belonging. Unlike traditional retirement homes or assisted living facilities, cohousing empowers residents to shape their living environment and social dynamics actively.
The origins of cohousing can be traced back to Denmark in the 1960s, where architect Jan Gudmand-Hoyer envisioned a new way of living that balanced private space with communal areas. This concept quickly gained traction and spread across Europe and North America, evolving to address the specific needs of aging populations.
In senior cohousing communities, residents typically have private homes or apartments clustered around shared spaces. These common areas – which might include gardens, workshops, or dining rooms – serve as the social heart of the community. Regular communal activities, from shared meals to hobby groups, provide natural opportunities for interaction and mutual support.
Cohousing isn’t just about shared spaces; its about shared lives. Its a model that recognizes that humans are inherently social creatures, and that this need for connection doesn’t diminish with age – if anything, it becomes more crucial.
Denmark’s multigenerational cohousing success offers a compelling case study. The Lange Eng cohousing community in Albertslund, for instance, has garnered international attention for its innovative approach. Here, seniors live alongside younger families, creating a dynamic intergenerational mix. This model not only combats age segregation but also allows for mutual support across age groups. Older residents might help with childcare, while younger residents can assist with tasks that become more challenging with age.
The role of shared spaces and activities in fostering community cannot be overstated. In global senior cohousing models, these communal areas are carefully designed to encourage spontaneous interactions and organized gatherings alike. A study by Kang, Lyon, and Kramp (2020) found that the layout and design of these shared spaces significantly impact social interaction among residents. Features like centrally located mailboxes, community gardens, or shared laundry facilities create natural meeting points, fostering the kind of casual encounters that build community over time.
Moreover, the emphasis on shared activities in cohousing communities provides a structured way to combat isolation. Regular community meals, for instance, not only ensure that residents have consistent social interaction but also promote better nutrition – a crucial factor in healthy aging. Hobby groups, exercise classes, or book clubs organized within the community provide opportunities for residents to pursue interests while building relationships.
The power of global senior cohousing models in combating isolation lies in their ability to create a built environment that naturally fosters connection. By providing both the physical spaces and social structures that encourage interaction, these models address the root causes of isolation in a way that traditional senior living arrangements often fail to do.
Affordable Living: Economic Benefits of Cohousing for Seniors
As the global population ages, the economic challenges of providing quality senior housing have become increasingly apparent. Traditional senior living options often come with hefty price tags, putting them out of reach for many older adults. Global senior cohousing models are emerging as a potentially more affordable alternative, offering economic benefits that extend beyond just lower costs.
When comparing costs between traditional senior living and cohousing models, it’s important to consider both upfront and ongoing expenses. While the initial investment in a cohousing unit may be comparable to purchasing a similar-sized home or apartment, the long-term economic benefits often make cohousing more affordable over time.
The economic advantage of cohousing isn’t just about splitting costs; its about reimagining what we truly need to live well. By sharing resources, we often find we need less individually, leading to both financial and environmental benefits.
One of the key economic benefits of cohousing is the shared resources and economies of scale. Common spaces and shared amenities reduce the need for individual ownership of rarely-used items. For instance, instead of each resident maintaining their own guest room, a cohousing community might have shared guest accommodations. This not only reduces individual housing costs but also maximizes the use of space.
Shared meals, a common feature in many cohousing communities, can also lead to significant cost savings. Buying food in bulk and preparing meals together is often more economical than individual meal preparation. A study by the Cohousing Association of the United States found that residents in cohousing communities reported spending 50-75% less on food compared to when they lived independently.
The financial models and ownership structures in global cohousing projects vary, offering flexibility to suit different economic situations. Some communities operate on a condominium-style ownership model, where residents own their individual units and share ownership of common spaces. Others function more like cooperatives, with residents owning shares in the entire property. Some cohousing communities even include a mix of owned and rented units, increasing accessibility for those who may not have the capital for outright ownership.
In terms of long-term economic sustainability, senior cohousing initiatives often fare well. The mutual support system inherent in these communities can delay or reduce the need for paid care services. Residents often help each other with daily tasks, reducing individual expenses for services like housekeeping or minor home repairs.
Moreover, the emphasis on sustainable design in many cohousing projects can lead to long-term cost savings. Energy-efficient buildings, renewable energy systems, and water conservation measures not only reduce environmental impact but also lower utility costs for residents.
It’s worth noting that while cohousing can offer significant economic benefits, it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. The initial costs of developing a cohousing community can be substantial, and not all older adults may have the financial means to participate. However, as the model gains traction, more diverse and accessible financial structures are emerging, including partnerships with non-profit organizations and government entities to create affordable senior cohousing options.
The economic benefits of senior cohousing extend beyond individual affordability. By creating more efficient and sustainable living arrangements for seniors, these models could potentially reduce the societal costs associated with elder care. As governments worldwide grapple with the economic implications of aging populations, innovative housing models like cohousing could play a crucial role in creating more sustainable and cost-effective solutions for senior living.
Balancing Autonomy and Community in Later Life
One of the most compelling aspects of global senior cohousing models is their ability to strike a delicate balance between individual autonomy and community support. This balance addresses a fundamental tension in aging: the desire to maintain independence while also benefiting from the security and social connections of a supportive community.
Designing private spaces within cohousing communities is crucial to preserving individual autonomy. Unlike traditional retirement homes, where private space might be limited to a single room, cohousing typically offers fully-equipped individual homes or apartments. These private dwellings are designed to accommodate the changing needs of aging residents, often incorporating universal design principles to ensure long-term accessibility.
The genius of cohousing lies in its ability to offer both privacy and community. Its not about forcing constant interaction, but about creating opportunities for connection when desired.
Decision-making processes and governance in senior cohousing communities play a vital role in maintaining residents’ sense of control over their living environment. Most cohousing communities operate on a consensus or modified consensus model, where residents actively participate in decisions affecting the community. This participatory approach ensures that each resident’s voice is heard, fostering a sense of ownership and empowerment.
Maintaining independence while fostering interdependence is a core principle of successful cohousing models. Residents are encouraged to help each other with day-to-day tasks, creating a network of mutual support. This might involve informal arrangements, such as neighbors checking in on each other or offering rides to appointments, or more structured systems like meal-sharing rotas or community workdays.
Adapting global cohousing models to diverse cultural contexts is essential for their widespread adoption. What works in Denmark or Japan may need modification to suit the cultural norms and expectations of seniors in other parts of the world. For instance, in cultures where multi-generational living is the norm, cohousing models might incorporate elements that facilitate interaction between different age groups.
In Japan, the “collective house” model offers an interesting case study in cultural adaptation. These communities, while similar to Western cohousing in many respects, often place a greater emphasis on privacy and include features like soundproofing between units to respect the cultural value placed on not disturbing neighbors.
The balance between autonomy and community in senior cohousing is not static but evolves as residents age. Many communities have systems in place to accommodate changing needs, such as informal care networks or partnerships with local healthcare providers. This flexibility allows residents to age in place, maintaining their autonomy for as long as possible while having access to increasing levels of support when needed.
It’s important to note that cohousing is not for everyone. Some seniors may prefer more traditional living arrangements or may find the level of community involvement in cohousing challenging. However, for those who value both independence and social connection, global senior cohousing models offer a compelling alternative to conventional senior living options.
By providing a framework that respects individual autonomy while fostering community bonds, senior cohousing models are redefining what it means to age in community. They offer a vision of later life that is neither isolated independence nor institutionalized care, but a rich tapestry of personal space and shared experiences.
Creating Age-Friendly Communities Through Innovative Housing
The concept of age-friendly communities has gained significant traction in recent years, recognizing that the physical and social environments in which we age play a crucial role in our quality of life. Global senior cohousing models are at the forefront of this movement, demonstrating how innovative housing design can create truly age-friendly living spaces.
Integrating universal design principles in cohousing architecture is a cornerstone of creating age-friendly communities. Universal design aims to create environments that are usable by all people, regardless of age or ability, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. In senior cohousing, this might include features like zero-step entrances, wider doorways to accommodate wheelchairs, and adjustable-height countertops in kitchens.
Universal design isn’t about creating special environments for older adults; its about designing spaces that work for everyone, at every stage of life. Its proactive rather than reactive.
Accessibility features and adaptable spaces for aging in place are crucial elements of age-friendly cohousing communities. These might include grab bars in bathrooms, non-slip flooring, and good lighting throughout the community. More innovative features could involve modular designs that allow spaces to be easily reconfigured as needs change, or smart home technologies that can be customized to individual requirements.
Incorporating green spaces and nature in senior cohousing projects is another key aspect of creating age-friendly communities. Access to nature has been shown to have significant benefits for physical and mental health, particularly in older adults. Many cohousing communities prioritize green spaces, creating communal gardens, walking paths, or even incorporating biophilic design principles that bring elements of nature indoors.
Technology integration for enhanced safety and convenience is becoming increasingly important in age-friendly housing design. This might include features like motion-sensor lighting, voice-activated controls, or telehealth systems that allow for remote medical consultations. Some cohousing communities are even experimenting with more advanced technologies, such as AI-powered fall detection systems or smart home assistants designed specifically for older adults.

The Marmalade Lane cohousing community in Cambridge, UK, offers an excellent example of how these principles can be put into practice. The community features a mix of house types to accommodate different needs, all designed with accessibility in mind. Common areas include a shared garden and a ‘common house’ with a communal kitchen and dining area, fostering social interaction. The project also incorporates sustainable design features, including high levels of insulation and solar panels, demonstrating how age-friendly design can align with environmental sustainability.
It’s worth noting that creating truly age-friendly communities goes beyond just physical design. Social structures within the community play a crucial role. Many cohousing communities organize regular activities and events that cater to diverse interests and abilities, ensuring that all residents have opportunities for social engagement and personal growth.
The age-friendly design principles implemented in cohousing communities have implications beyond just senior living. By creating spaces that work well for older adults, these communities often end up being more comfortable and convenient for people of all ages. This aligns with the concept of “lifetime neighborhoods” – places designed to be inclusive and adaptable to the changing needs of residents throughout their lives.
Moreover, the innovative approaches to age-friendly design developed in cohousing communities can serve as models for broader urban planning and housing development. As cities worldwide grapple with aging populations, the lessons learned from successful senior cohousing projects could inform more inclusive and adaptable urban design strategies.
By prioritizing age-friendly design, global senior cohousing models are not just creating better living spaces for older adults; they’re pioneering approaches that could reshape our understanding of what makes a community livable for people of all ages. These innovative housing models demonstrate that with thoughtful design and community planning, it’s possible to create environments that support independence, foster social connection, and adapt to the changing needs of residents throughout their lives.
Collaborative Care: Supporting Aging Populations in Cohousing
One of the most innovative aspects of global senior cohousing models is their approach to care and support for aging residents. These communities are reimagining how care can be delivered, moving away from institutional models towards more collaborative, community-based approaches that prioritize dignity, autonomy, and social connection.
Peer support networks and informal caregiving are central to the cohousing model. In these communities, residents naturally look out for one another, creating a web of mutual support that can delay or reduce the need for formal care services. This might involve neighbors checking in on each other daily, helping with small tasks like grocery shopping or home maintenance, or providing companionship during difficult times.
In cohousing, care isn’t something that’s delivered to passive recipients. Its a collaborative process where everyone has something to offer, regardless of age or ability. This shift in perspective can be profoundly empowering for older adults.
Dr. Margaret Critchlow, Anthropologist and Cohousing Advocate.
Integrating professional care services within cohousing models is an area of ongoing innovation. Many communities are exploring hybrid models that combine the benefits of cohousing with access to professional care when needed. This might involve partnerships with local healthcare providers, on-site clinics, or coordinated home care services. The key is to provide a continuum of care that allows residents to age in place as their needs change.
Japan’s community-based care system in cohousing offers an intriguing case study. The country’s rapidly aging population has spurred innovative approaches to elder care, including the development of “community-based integrated care systems.” In these models, cohousing communities are integrated with local healthcare and social services, creating a comprehensive support network for older adults.
For example, the Yuimaaru Kitatama cohousing community in Tokyo has partnered with a local hospital to provide on-site medical consultations and health monitoring for residents. The community also includes a small-scale nursing care facility, allowing residents to receive higher levels of care without leaving their familiar environment.
Balancing privacy and community support in health management is a delicate but crucial aspect of collaborative care in cohousing. While the community ethos encourages mutual support, it’s equally important to respect individual privacy and autonomy, especially regarding health matters. Many cohousing communities have developed protocols for health emergencies that strike this balance, ensuring quick response while maintaining confidentiality.
The collaborative care model in cohousing can have significant benefits for both residents and the broader healthcare system. A study published in the Journal of Housing for the Elderly found that older adults in cohousing communities reported better overall health and well-being compared to those in traditional living arrangements. They also tended to require fewer formal healthcare services, potentially reducing the burden on public health systems.
Moreover, the social connections fostered in cohousing communities can have profound health benefits. Research has consistently shown that social isolation is a major health risk for older adults, associated with increased rates of depression, cognitive decline, and even mortality. By creating environments that naturally foster social interaction and mutual support, cohousing models address this critical health determinant.
It’s important to note that while collaborative care in cohousing can provide significant support, it’s not a replacement for professional medical care when needed. The most successful models find ways to integrate community support with access to professional services, creating a comprehensive care ecosystem.
The collaborative care approach in senior cohousing also has implications for how we think about aging and elder care more broadly. By demonstrating that older adults can be active participants in their care and the care of others, these models challenge ageist assumptions about the capabilities and roles of seniors in society.
As healthcare systems worldwide grapple with the challenges of aging populations, the collaborative care models developed in cohousing communities offer valuable lessons. They suggest that by fostering strong social connections and empowering older adults to play active roles in their communities, we can create more sustainable, humane, and effective approaches to supporting aging populations.
Sustainable Living: Environmental and Social Benefits of Senior Cohousing
As the global population ages and environmental concerns become increasingly pressing, the intersection of senior living and sustainability has emerged as a crucial area of focus. Global senior cohousing models are at the forefront of this intersection, offering innovative approaches to creating environmentally and socially sustainable communities for older adults.
Reducing carbon footprint through shared resources and efficient design is a key environmental benefit of senior cohousing. By their very nature, these communities encourage resource sharing, which can significantly reduce individual consumption. Shared spaces like common houses, guest rooms, and laundry facilities mean that less overall built space is needed per person. This not only reduces the materials and energy required for construction but also lowers ongoing energy consumption for heating, cooling, and maintenance.
Cohousing isn’t just about creating better places for seniors to live; its about reimagining how we can live more sustainably as a society. These communities are laboratories for sustainable living practices that could benefit people of all ages.
Kathryn McCamant, Cohousing Pioneer.
Implementing eco-friendly technologies in cohousing developments is becoming increasingly common. Many communities are incorporating features like solar panels, geothermal heating and cooling systems, rainwater harvesting, and high-efficiency appliances. For instance, the Gainesville Cohousing community in Florida has achieved net-zero energy status, producing as much energy as it consumes through a combination of solar power and energy-efficient design.
Fostering intergenerational connections in sustainable communities is another significant benefit of many cohousing models. While some cohousing communities are specifically designed for seniors, others embrace a multigenerational approach. This not only creates more diverse and vibrant communities but also has environmental benefits. Intergenerational living can lead to more efficient use of resources and infrastructure, as facilities and services can be shared across age groups.
The role of cohousing in creating resilient neighborhoods for all ages extends beyond environmental sustainability. These communities often serve as models for social sustainability, demonstrating how thoughtful design and community structures can create more connected, supportive, and resilient neighborhoods.
A study published in the Journal of Architectural and Planning Research found that residents in senior cohousing communities reported higher levels of social interaction and mutual support compared to those in traditional retirement communities. This increased social capital can have far-reaching benefits, from improved mental health outcomes to greater community resilience in the face of challenges like natural disasters or public health crises.
Moreover, the participatory nature of cohousing governance models can contribute to social sustainability by empowering residents and fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility for their community. This active engagement can lead to more responsive and adaptable communities that are better equipped to meet the changing needs of residents over time.
The environmental and social benefits of senior cohousing extend beyond the boundaries of individual communities. By demonstrating successful models of sustainable living, these communities can influence broader urban planning and housing policies. For instance, the principles of resource sharing and efficient design employed in cohousing could be applied to other forms of multi-unit housing or neighborhood planning.
It’s worth noting that while cohousing offers many sustainability benefits, it’s not without challenges. The initial costs of implementing eco-friendly technologies can be high, and not all older adults may be comfortable with the level of community involvement required in many cohousing models. However, as these communities become more established and diverse models emerge, they’re likely to become increasingly accessible and appealing to a wider range of seniors.
The sustainable living practices developed in senior cohousing communities also have implications for how we think about aging and environmental responsibility. By demonstrating that older adults can be active participants in creating more sustainable communities, these models challenge ageist assumptions and highlight the valuable contributions seniors can make to addressing global environmental challenges.
As we face the dual challenges of an aging population and climate change, the sustainable living models pioneered in senior cohousing communities offer valuable lessons. They suggest that by rethinking our approach to senior housing and community design, we can create living environments that not only meet the needs of older adults but also contribute to broader environmental and social sustainability goals.
Global senior cohousing models are indeed redefining aging in community, offering innovative solutions to many of the challenges associated with an aging population. By fostering social connection, promoting affordability, balancing autonomy with community support, creating age-friendly environments, facilitating collaborative care, and championing sustainable living, these models present a compelling vision for the future of senior living.
However, it’s important to recognize that cohousing is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Cultural differences, individual preferences, and varying levels of physical and cognitive ability all play a role in determining the most appropriate living arrangements for older adults. Moreover, challenges remain in making cohousing accessible to a wider range of seniors, particularly those with limited financial resources.
The true measure of success for senior cohousing isn’t just in creating great places for older adults to live, but in changing how society thinks about aging, community, and the kind of world we want to grow old in.
Dr. Anne P. Glass, Gerontology Researcher.
As we look to the future, the principles and practices developed in senior cohousing communities have the potential to influence broader societal approaches to aging and community design. From urban planning to healthcare delivery, the lessons learned from these innovative models could help create more inclusive, sustainable, and age-friendly communities for all.
The global nature of the cohousing movement also offers opportunities for cross-cultural learning and adaptation. As different countries grapple with their own unique demographic challenges, the exchange of ideas and best practices in senior cohousing could lead to even more innovative and culturally appropriate solutions.
In conclusion, while global senior cohousing models may not be the complete answer to the challenges of an aging global population, they undoubtedly offer valuable insights and approaches. By reimagining how we live as we age, these communities are not just redefining aging in community – they’re helping to reshape our understanding of what it means to create truly livable communities for people of all ages.
Conclusion
As we’ve explored the innovative world of global senior cohousing models, it’s clear that these communities offer a compelling vision for redefining aging in community. From combating isolation and promoting affordability to creating age-friendly environments and fostering sustainable living, cohousing presents solutions to many of the challenges faced by aging populations worldwide.
The success stories we’ve examined, from Denmark’s multigenerational havens to Japan’s culturally-adapted collective houses, demonstrate that cohousing can be effectively tailored to diverse contexts and needs. These models show us that it’s possible to create living environments that not only meet the physical needs of older adults but also nurture their social, emotional, and spiritual well-being.
However, the journey towards widespread adoption of senior cohousing is just beginning. As our global population continues to age, the need for innovative, community-oriented living solutions becomes increasingly urgent. This is where you come in.
Whether you’re a senior looking for a more fulfilling living arrangement, a family member concerned about the well-being of aging loved ones, or a professional in urban planning or elder care, you have a role to play in shaping the future of senior living.
Here’s how you can take action:
- Educate yourself further on cohousing models and their benefits. Explore resources from organizations like the Cohousing Association or attend webinars and conferences on innovative senior living.
- Advocate for age-friendly community designs in your local area. Engage with city planners and policymakers to promote the incorporation of cohousing principles in urban development.
- If you’re a senior, consider exploring cohousing options in your area or initiating a new project. Remember, many cohousing communities start with just a small group of motivated individuals.
- For families, discuss the cohousing concept with your aging relatives. It could open up new possibilities for their future living arrangements.
- Professionals in related fields can integrate cohousing principles into their work, whether in healthcare, architecture, or social services.
- Everyone can contribute to building stronger, more connected communities by fostering intergenerational relationships and promoting shared resources in their current neighborhoods.
The future of aging doesn’t have to be one of isolation and dependency. Global senior cohousing models show us that it’s possible to create communities where older adults can thrive, contribute, and continue to grow. By embracing these innovative approaches and working together, we can redefine what it means to age well in community.
Let’s take the lessons from these global models and use them to create a future where aging is not a retreat from life, but a new chapter of connection, purpose, and joy. The power to reshape how we age is in our hands. Will you be part of this transformative movement?
Actionable Takeaways
- Research existing senior cohousing communities in your area or consider initiating a new project.
- Evaluate your current living situation against cohousing principles to identify areas for improvement in social connection and resource sharing.
- Engage with local urban planners and policymakers to advocate for age-friendly community designs inspired by cohousing models.
- Implement small-scale cohousing practices in your current neighborhood, such as organizing shared meals or creating a tool-sharing program.
- Explore sustainable living practices used in cohousing communities and adopt them in your daily life.
- Foster intergenerational connections by volunteering or participating in community programs that bring together people of all ages.
- Consider how technology can enhance community living and support aging in place within your current or future living arrangement.
References
Recommended reading
- Glass, A. P. (2020). Innovative senior cohousing communities in the United States: Current trends and future prospects. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 34(2), 127-151.
- Bamford, G. (2005). Cohousing for older people: Housing innovation in the Netherlands and Denmark. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 24(1), 44-46.
- Horelli, L., & Vestbro, D. U. (2012). Design for gender equality: The history of co-housing ideas and realities. Built Environment, 38(3), 315-335.
- Kang, M., Lyon, M., & Kramp, J. (2020). Senior cohousing residential design and social interaction. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 37(3), 235-253.
- Kaplan, M., Sánchez, M., & Hoffman, J. (2017). Intergenerational pathways to a sustainable society. Springer International Publishing.
- World Health Organization. (2021). Global report on ageism. https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/demographic-change-and-healthy-ageing/combatting-ageism/global-report-on-ageism
- Hadjri, K., Rooney, C., & Faith, V. (2015). Housing choices and care home design for people with dementia. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 8(3), 80-95.